In general, it is a good rule of thumb to design a black and white logo first, but when creating a logo for a broad audience, you have to consider that people may register colors differently. There are 4 types of colorblindness: Deuteranopia, Protanopia, Tritanopia, and Black and White.
Deuteranopia and Protanopia are red-green pigment color blindness. Greens turn beige, reds look yellowish-brown, and violets are darker blue. That means when picking colors for a logo, contrasting colors are more favorable than monochromatic (one color of shades and tints). Think about how your logo is going to be applied. For example, if your logo is being placed on a dark red t-shirt, people with these types of color blindness will see it as dark brown. That means your logo will have to be white or a light color for the best visibility results.
People with Tritanopia see blues as greenish, yellows and oranges as violets, pinkish or light grey, and purples as dark red. Avoid color combinations with the same saturation, for example, dark green and dark teal. These colors tend to blur together, making the image hard to see, especially if your logo does not have any other contrasting features.
It is evident that people with Black and White colorblindness only see black and white. While this is the rarest colorblindness, it still something to think about when designing logos. We often give clients a solid black and a solid white logo to use, but the client doesn't always use them, so check the color version of your logo in Photoshop or recreate it in grayscale tones.
Other ways to view designs with a colorblind lens:
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